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Non-inflammatory (comedonal)
These are clogs without much redness.
- Blackheads (open comedones): the clog reaches the surface and darkens with air exposure — not dirt.
- Whiteheads (closed comedones): the clog stays covered by skin, appearing as small flesh-coloured bumps.
Inflammatory
These involve redness, tenderness and swelling.
- Papules: small red bumps without a visible head.
- Pustules: red bumps with visible white or yellow fluid.
- Nodules: larger, deeper, firm and often painful lumps.
- Cysts: deep, soft, painful and more likely to scar.
Why the distinction matters
Comedonal acne often responds to consistent exfoliation or a retinoid. Inflammatory acne often involves ingredients aimed at bacteria and inflammation.
Nodules and cysts are the category where seeing a dermatologist earlier tends to be worthwhile — both for effective options and for reducing the chance of scarring.
Key takeaways
- • Comedonal and inflammatory acne often call for different starting points.
- • Deep, painful nodules and cysts are worth professional evaluation.
- • Most people have a mix — treat the type you get most.
Consider professional advice if
- • You get deep, painful nodules or cysts
- • Your breakouts are painful, deep or leaving scars
- • Things are getting worse quickly despite a reasonable routine
- • Your skin is significantly affecting how you feel day to day